Wave Motion

Explanation model for P & S waves of earthquake

K50-1211-W0

【Product Description】

The model of verticall ladder type for explanation of mechanism of the seismic wave (P & S wave) transfering from the underground to the surface.

【Overall Advantages to Users】

This model was invented by a Japanese junior school teacher through his lessons.
The model explains and demonstrates to students that the mechanism of primary and secondary wave transferring from a hypocenter in the underground to the surface.
An explanation using a conventional horizontal wave machine is for students hard to imagine how the seismic wave transfers from the underground because of its horizontal structure, but this model having a vertical structure can make student easier to imagine how the seimic wave transfers from the underground.

【Keywords】

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【To all users】

The model has a simple vertical ladder structure which consists of a rubber belt and soft blocks.
The expansion and contraction of the rubber belt as a backbone of the model shows the primary wave vibration, and the twist of the rubber belt and soft blocks shows the secondary wave vibration transferring from the seismic center.
The primary and the secondary wave can be observed at the same time during the demonstration, students can recognize that the primary wave transfers faster from the bottom of the seismic center to the top of the model than the secondary wave.

【To teachers】

The model is long enough (1.6m) for demonstration in a classroom or a lab.
The model has a simple procedure for teachers. At first, hang it from a ceiling by a hook or use a tall stand with a hook. Then tap, pull, or twist one soft block at the bottom once, then the demonstration will happen.
Placing a small model house as an accessory on the top soft block in the demonstration can show the damage or impact to the house by the seimic wave, and the deffierence of its damages depending on the kind of seimic wave such as P and S wave.

【To students】

In case of demonstration of only the primary wave, teachers just pull and release one soft block at the bottom to make a pulse wave as the primary wave. Then students can observe how the primary wave move up to the top block as chain reaction.
In case of the demonstration of only the secondary wave, teachers just twist and release one soft block at the bottom to make a twist wave as the primary wave. Then students can observe how the secondary wave move up to the top block as chain reaction.
In case of the demonstration of the primary and the secondary wave together, teachers twist and pull, then release one soft block at the bottom to make a mixed wave as the primary wave. Then students can observe how the mixed wave move up to the top block as chain reaction.

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